A 506 km west of the port of Buenaventura is located one of the most stunning sites, beautiful and diverse of the Pacific Ocean is the island of Malpelo, a living rock of 376 meters in height and 3.5 square miles. Emerge from the depths of the Pacific, accompanied by a set of eleven protruding rocks 10 meters above the sea surface which can be reached only by boat from Buenaventura. Keep in mind that access is allowed only to persons who are in professional dive plan. Malpelo microfauna product of its geographical isolation makes this island a natural laboratory for studying the evolution of species. The island is surrounded by 10 islands spread over an area of 2.5 km, forming a unit which is currently protected as a Wildlife Sanctuary. Numerous scientific expeditions around the world have visited Malpelo during the last hundred years. The most important so far has been carried out by members of the prestigious Smithsonian Institute of America in 1972. On the island inhabited by certain species of land crab. Among birds stand the sand eels and frigates, and between fish hammerhead sharks, spectacular whale shark can grow to up to 15 meters long, the Toll and the devil fish. Abound schools of tuna, jacks, snappers, groupers and grouper. The guano-producing birds is important in the food web of land animals and fish of Malpelo and its islets. The seabed is rich in corals, making this set of islands a haven for diving enthusiasts. "It's like a miracle this virginity of conservation of Malpelo. So far it has been the island of the Colombian geography. The absence of men has led to the non-presence of the missiles on land, so barren and grim, was not attractive to hunters. Malpelo converge in the trade winds in the Northern Hemisphere with the Southern Hemisphere, the call Tropical Convergence Zone. On the island, moist air condenses and the majority of time is covered by dense fog. Are frequent rainfall, except from December to March, relatively dry period. The location of the island, the action of currents and the relative proximity to other islands of the Pacific ocean, make it an area of great interest for understanding the possibility of dispersal of marine species. Malpelo microfauna product of geographic isolation, makes this island a natural laboratory for studying the evolution of species. Malpelo Around emerge a series of rocks, which concentrates on two main groups of rocks are named North and South Rocks. To the south east is from the National Natural Park Gorgona. On the mainland, Malpelo has the closest point to Buenaventura. The Sanctuary is the westernmost part of Colombia in the Pacific, it emerged on the crest of a submarine ridge 4,000 meters deep, the Malpelo Ridge. It is a rocky archipelago consisting of Malpelo Island and ten willing isolated rocks north and south of the island in a shaft length of 2.5 km. The characteristics of the marine environment are strongly influenced by the patterns of currents running through the area. The region of Malpelo is a confluence of several and the bay of Panama, which has undoubtedly influenced the composition of its special natural heritage.
>The location of the island,
the action of currents and the relative proximity to other islands of the Pacific ocean, make it an area of great interest for understanding the possibility of dispersal of marine species. It houses the most important coral formations of the Colombian Pacific, with many associated marine animals such as sea stars (two endemic), angelfish, moray eels, manta rays, whale sharks and schools of hammerhead sharks. The volcanic nature of the archipelago and some erosion has created spectacular underwater landscapes. It is place of nesting seabirds, such as two species of boobies, sea earwigs, and the tropical red beak, and is visited by twelve species. Among terrestrial organisms stand a crab endemic and three species of lizards (two lizards and gecko), two of them probably endemic.
On the island grow ferns, algae and lichens thanks to the geographical position of this island and the distance that separates the continent, Colombia has economic rights on a much larger territorial sea and certain rights over Antarctica. In the Navy exercises Malpelo presence and sovereignty. real flying with the tricolor national pride in these beautiful and paradisiacal waterGorgona Island is located in the Colombian Pacific Ocean. Located on the edge of the continental shelf, rich in corals on the east and the edge of deep ocean depths to the west. This geomorphological feature gives special status to the development of its marine biomes, ecosystems combining surface and coral reefs, with the deep sea. But his wealth was not only found in water is also rich in terrestrial species characteristics of this tropical wet forest, which happen to be curious isolation endemics, as the blue lizard, the spiny rat - species of porcupine - and some bats own the place. It is also habitat for many species of snakes, which can be known and studied science at the headquarters of the park. North of the island of 24 km
. square
, in a rugged area called El Horno, nest varied species of migratory birds and to the east, its tranquil white beaches are visited by dolphins, turtles, porpoises and humpback-humpback whales, which reach their warm waters to mate or give birth to their whales between the months of August and October, providing a scientific and natural observatory of this curious species. Since 1959, the Gorgon was a fearsome prison, which paradoxically kept its prison population in the midst of this natural paradise to the storage of large groups of sharks in these waters. You can visit the old facilities of the prison, although almost completely dismantled, they show the kind of life that could bring criminal as well as witness some graffiti on its walls. The prison island was given to the environmental authorities and in 1985 received the declaration of natural national park, renowned for its great attributes of flora and fauna set for this unit management plan and conservation.
Among its cultural attractions
with the House Payan, scientific headquarters of the island and old building that held their family property since the time of independence. Today the park offers a simple infrastructure consisting of a visitor center with capacity for sixty people, dining area, office and conference room communication-oriented talks eco-park system officials and scientists biologists and ecologists.
The park comprises the main island with a maximum height of 330 m at Cerro La Trinidad, Gorgonilla island, which is smaller, with heights up to 90 m densely inhabited by pelicans, and earwigs and some islands such as The Widow, presence of rock that bears his name since the 1980 earthquake that sank other similar rock formations that accompanied him. The beach Yundigua (Pizarro) is an excellent scenario for scuba diving among coral showing curious and varied species of polyps,
and fish that make a real natural aquarium. The sources of fresh water for many others, are a real privilege for the visitor, because at least twenty five flows pure and crystalline waters are everywhere in the middle of the jungle and found they were not like on land. To reach the island of Gorgona is necessary to embark from Buenaventura, the first port in the Pacific Coast of Colombia, on a journey of ten hours in coasting vessels, crossing and end points as Timbiquí Mulatos, is reached after navigating along 55 miles from the coastline. Can also be reached by speedboat from Buenaventura to four hours away, or from the port of Guapi, travel three hours. To visit the park must have permission of the Administrative Unit of National Parks of the Ministry of Environment,
Housing and Territorial Development, processed from Bogotá or from Cali, near Buenaventura. In the Pacific Ocean 400 km from the coast, is Malpelo, rocky peak of up to 376 m emerged from the underwater volcanic mountains, on whose rich on fish and fauna in general, recently received the declaration of a Natural Heritage of Humanity by UNESCO. This island is home to whale sharks and hammerhead sharks and other aquatic species. You get there after forty hours of crossing and must remain in the vessels during the visit to the Park (Sanctuary of Flora and Fauna of the Natural Parks System) because there are no facilities forThe main activity here is the diving and observing sea birds that nest in its rocky peaks. For the scientific community is a veritable laboratory, which gave a better understanding of the species that inhabit it, and participate in research programs and conservation of this corner ocean.
The Pacific Island Colombia is a unique destination for nature tourism where science and sport are specialized adventure to explore and discover a world almost untouched. Ricardo Cifuentes Tables Department of Tourism
Noel Kempff Mercado National Park - Bolivia The Noel Kempff Mercado National Park is located northeast of Santa Cruz Department in the provinces and Iténez Velasco respectively. It is bordered on the east by the states of Rondonia and Mato Grosso in Brazil, took the most important region of the Precambrian shield system Characterized by high plateaus and cliffs. Inside the area, major river basins are formed by rivers and Pauserna Green, tributaries of the river Guaporé Iténez or Belonging to the Amazon basin |
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